Mens, dier en plant maakt zich klaar om de winter door te komen. Op het moment dat de laatste aardappelen en bieten worden gerooid heeft de eerste nachtvorst zijn aankondiging reeds gemaakt. Tijd om de kolen ook van het veld te halen…
Ook bij onze monniken maakt men zich klaar voor een nieuwe winter. Veel eigen landbouwproducten dient men ondertussen niet meer op te bergen. Een beetje fruit en wat groenten, maar lang niet voldoende om heel de winter van te kunnen leven. De inkrimping in het aantal roepingen en de gemiddelde leeftijd van de broeders en zusters laat geen uitgebreide tuinbouw meer toe. Voedsel wordt dus afhankelijk van de monastieke aard noodgedwongen besteld bij groothandelaars of in de lokale winkel gesprokkeld.
Hierdoor helpen de reguliere geestelijken ook niet meer mee om onze Europese ecologische voetafdruk te verkleinen. Voor de reguliere contemplatieve monniken is dat wel een verandering. Tot voor enkele tientallen jaren was de eigen productie immers veel omvangrijker.
Doorheen de eeuwen kan de ecologische voetafdruk die de monniken achterlieten als verscheiden bestempeld worden. Bestaande kennis werd binnen de abdijmuren gehaald, verbeterd, geoptimaliseerd en op een grotere schaal toegepast. De impact betekende onder andere dat de voedselvoorziening verbeterde en dat er meer mensen in leven konden blijven. Dat kon onder andere omdat zij mee verantwoordelijk waren voor het in productie brengen van heel wat woeste, onontgonnen gronden. Het landbouwareaal werd onder andere uitgebreid voor de productie van meer graangewassen en peulvruchten. Hierdoor werd het natuurlijk landschap verder omgevormd tot een volledig menselijke creatie. Allemaal omdat er meer bonen nodig waren…
De natuurlijke flora en fauna diende toen ook al te wijken voor menselijke noden. Van het “labora” principe van de cisterciënzers werd niet alleen binnen de orde dankbaar gebruik gemaakt, ook de wereldlijke leiders en hun nooddruftige schatkist konden het wel waarderen. Goed draaiende abdijen “kregen” woeste, onontgonnen gronden en “mochten” als bevestiging de schatkist spijzen met een financiële “tegengift”. De ontginning bracht kolonisatie met zich mee en nieuwe dorpen ontstonden, die nieuwe taksen opbrachten.
De monniken “dienden” dus het “hogere” staatsbelang en drukten hun stempel op de verdere landschapsontwikkelingen. Een realisatie die ondertussen grotendeels in de nevelen van de geschiedenis verdwenen is, met enkele – soms zeer algemene – weg- en plaatsnamen als achtergelaten criminologische indicaties.
De landschapsvorming van de abdijen werd – bij de cisterciënzers – deels door eigen lekenbroeders en deels door ingehuurd personeel uitgevoerd. Hierdoor werd kennis, inzicht en ervaring overgedragen buiten de abdijmuren. Ook voor de teeltplannen gold dat.
In de 12de-15de eeuw gebruikten de monniken voornamelijk producten die in de eigen regio werden geteeld en gekweekt. Import van exotische eetwaren was bij hen nauwelijks aan de orde. Nadien volgden ze ook de wereldlijke modetrend, tot de trappisten in de 18de eeuw terug naar de oorsprong teruggrepen en alleen de eigen voedselproductie op tafel brachten. Nieuwe groente- en fruitsoorten werden in sommige 17de-18de eeuw kloostertuinen geïntroduceerd uit medicinaal oogpunt. De sperzieboon werd zo door een Portugese herborist-apotheker uitgeleend en door anderen verspreid en gecommercialiseerd als culinair aantrekkelijker boontje.
De monniken wezen toch de weg… met de teelt en het gebruik van lokale producten, eigen aan elk seizoen. Met bonen, ramenas, kolen en granen overleefden zij de hardste van de vier seizoenen…zelf gekweekt tot eind vorig millennium.
In de marge van de monastieke tuinbouwcultuur kan men nog steeds de rondreizende tentoonstelling over “Heilige Boontjes, vergeten groenten en fruit uit de abdijtuin” in het Archeologisch Site-Museum te Werken bezoeken.
In tentoonstelling is nog te bekijken tot 15 december 2010, woe-zon, 14-17 uur, of op afspraak – met gids – voor groepen en scholen (051/56.61.08 of toerisme@kortemark.be – Vladslostraat 9, 8610 Werken).
Er is een educatief pakket beschikbaar en er worden diverse randactiviteiten geprogrammeerd, zoals op 17 november 2010 om 19u een Kook-en proefles Historische gastronomie en op 19 november 2010 om 19u een lezing over Het groen van de natuur bij Hildegard ‘O Sancta Viriditas’ (O Heilig Groen waarvan de hele kosmos is doortrokken!) von Bingen. Voor deze lezingen, georganiseerd in het kader van de Week van de Smaak, kan men zich – gratis – inschrijven bij cultuur@kortemark.be.
Reacties
Boeiend en inspirerend die historische achtergrond. Kortemark ligt nu niet direct in mijn buurt. Anders kwam ik geïnspireerd door uw verhaal, pleiten om opnieuw mensen van buiten de kloostermuren in te schakelen bij het tuinieren, in ruil voor een deel van de opbrengst en uitwisseling van kennis. Of mag dat niet volgens de thans geldende kloosterregels? zo kunnen de oude kloosterbewoners van hun rust genieten en wordt de zo belangrijke kloostertuin toch in leven gehouden in zijn volle glorie. Of gebeurt dat al?
Helaas niet. Afhankelijk van de nog actieve beschikbare broeders of zusters wordt een deel van de moestuin nog gebruikt, maar meestal is een groot deel van de moestuin van de abdij (incl. serres) braakliggend of omgevormd tot sier- en wandeltuin. Bloemen, gras en struiken in de plaats van groenten. Ook de boomgaarden staan er te verwaarloosd bij. Het onderhoud van de tuinen en boomgaarden is niet zo prioritair als het onderhoud van de gebouwen Ook niet als het gebouw vrijkomt en verder seculier wordt gebruikt.
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Hé, dat wist ik nog niet allemaal! Toch eens van de herfstvakantie gebruik maken om een bezoekje te brengen (nu alles nog zo lekker ruikt buiten).